Preparation of a Questionnaire on Medical Students’ Cognition Level of Public Health Ethics / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To construct a questionnaire on medical students’ cognition level of public health ethics, and to provide a scientific and objective evaluation tool for understanding the cognitive level of medical students on public health ethics. 【Methods:】 Based on the literature review and focus group discussion, the initial questionnaire was constructed. The Delphi method was used to conduct three rounds of correspondence with 12 experts, and the final questionnaire was drafted. And exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency were used to evaluate the questionnaire. 【Results:】 In the three rounds of correspondence, the enthusiasms of experts were all 100%, the authority coefficients were all 0.84, the coefficients of variation were 0~0.32, 0~0.26, 0~0.12, respectively, and the coordination coefficients were 0.206, 0.163, and 0.250, respectively (all P<0.05). The analysis of the items showed that the critical ratio values and related coefficients of the questionnaire items were statistically different. The structural validity analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the extracted two common factors was 61.015%. The intrinsic consistency reliability analysis showed that the questionnaire Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.956. Finally, the questionnaire of 26 items was formed, including two dimensions: knowledge of public health ethics and application of public health ethics. 【Conclusion:】 The questionnaire on medical students’ cognition level of public health ethics is reliable and has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool for medical students’ public health ethics cognition level.

Berberine alleviates programmed necrosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease via activating Nrf2 pathway in mice / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of berberine on programmed necrosis of hepatocytes induced by metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in mice and its related molecular mechanism. Methods: Twenty male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=5 in each group): control group (S), fatty liver group (H), berberine group(B), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 inhibitor group (Nrf2), and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) group (A). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations were detected at the end of week 12 to calculate fatty liver index (liver mass/body mass ratio). Liver tissue was stained with HE, Masson and Oil Red O, and SAF score was used to evaluate the degree of liver injury. The expression levels of hepatic programmed necrosis-related proteins, namely receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), phosphorylated mixed series protease-like domain (p-MLKL) and Nrf2 were detected by Western blot method. One-way ANOVA was used for intragroup comparisons and LSD-t tests were used for intergroup comparisons. Results: Compared with S group, H group serum ALT, AST, LDH, TG, TC, TNF-α, IL-1β levels and fatty liver index were significantly increased. The liver tissue was filled with vacuolar-like changes and inflammatory cell infiltration. Numerous red lipid droplets were observed with oil red O staining. Collagen fiber hyperplasia was evident with Masson staining. SAF scores (6.60 ± 0.55 and 0.80 ± 0.45) were significantly increased. The expressions of RIPK3 and p-MLKL were up-regulated. Nrf2 level was relatively increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with H group, berberine intervention group liver biochemical indexes, lipid levels, pro-inflammatory mediator expression, fatty liver index, and SAF score were significantly reduced, and the expression of RIPK3 and p-MLKL were down-regulated, while Nrf2 levels were further increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with B group, treatment with Nrf2 inhibitor had antagonized the protective effect of berberine on fatty liver. Serum ALT, AST, LDH, TG, TC and TNF-α, IL-1β levels, fatty liver index, and SAF scores were significantly increased and the expressions of RIPK3 and p-MLKL were relatively increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Berberine can significantly improve the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease injury in mice, and its mechanism is related to activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of programmed necrosis of hepatocytes.

Analysis of changes in mortality of children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years in China from 2004 to 2018 and policy effects / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the trend of child and adolescent mortality rate in China from 2004 to 2018 and explore the possible policy effects. Methods: This study used the mortality data of child and adolescent aged 5 to 19 years from 2004 to 2018 based on the National Disease Surveillance System. Age-standardized mortality rate was calculated by using the population from the sixth national census. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trend of child and adolescent mortality with different features from 2004 to 2018. Results: From 2004 to 2018, the overall mortality rate of children and adolescents in China dropped from 40.02 per 100 000 to 22.00 per 100 000, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was -4.28 (95%CI:-5.35,-3.20,P<0.001). The mortality rate dropped rapidly from 2004 to 2006, and the annual percentage change (APC) was -9.20 (95%CI:-15.63,-2.28,P=0.017). The decline rate slowed down between 2006 and 2013, and the APC was -1.56 (95%CI:-2.78,-0.33,P=0.020). The downward trend accelerated from 2013 to 2018, and the APC was -5.99 (95%CI:-7.52,-4.43,P<0.001). The trend of child mortality rate in rural area, females, eastern provinces of China, children aged 10 to 14 years, children aged 15 to 19 years, and injury mortality rate were basically consistent with the overall trend. The child mortality rate in urban area, central provinces of China and the mortality rate of infectious diseases, maternal and infant, and nutritional deficiencies diseases showed a uniform downward trend from 2004 to 2018, with AAPC values about -3.59 (95%CI:-4.38,-2.78,P<0.001), -2.89 (95%CI:-3.24,-2.54,P<0.001) and -6.66 (95%CI:-7.64,-5.68,P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The mortality rate of children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years in China continues to decline from 2004 to 2018, and the decline rate becomes faster after 2011.

Methods for evaluating overweight and obesity among children and adolescents and application in SPSS and SAS / 中华预防医学杂志

Overweight/obesity has become one of the major public health problems among children and adolescents all over the world. The current screening standards for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are not unified. It is easy to make mistakes and inefficient to evaluate item by item or develop self-written packages. Taking the"Screening standards for overweight and obesity in Chinese school-age children and adolescents"as an example, this study introduced four methods and procedures for evaluating overweight and obesity among children and adolescents from the world and China and described their application methods in combination with specific cases. At the same time, the SPSS and SAS packages were compiled and the specific application steps were explained, so that users could correctly and quickly screen overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, and conduct horizontal comparisons of similar studies across different regions.

The changes in resting-state functional connectivity in stroke survivors with depression / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To analyze any changes in the functional connectivity between the seed points of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the whole brain, as well as any fluctuations in the low-frequency amplitude among persons with post-stroke depression (PSD). The aim was to develop correlations among functional imaging results, clinical scales, and inflammation indicators including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 17a (IL-17a) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ).Methods:Between 2016 and 2020, 55 ischemic stroke survivors were tested. The 28 scoring 7 or more on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) formed the PSD group, while the 27 others formed the control group. Functional magnetic resonance images were collected, and serum inflammation indicators were determined.Results:When seed points in the left DLPFC were used, in the PSD group the frontal cortex (FC) decreased in one cluster, with a voxel of 129mm3 and the MNI coordinates (x=9, y=30, z=33) indicating that the anatomical automatic labeling (AAL) brain regions were the Cingulum_Ant_L, Cingulum_Mid_R and the frontal_Sup_Medial_L. When the right DLPFC was used as the seed point the FC again decreased in one cluster, with voxels of 44mm 3 and the MNI coordinates (x=-27, y=12, z=47) referring to the AAL brain region of the frontal_Mid_L. In the PSD group, the FC value of abnormal brain areas with the R-DLPFC as the seed point was positively correlated with time since stroke. In the control group, the FC value of abnormal brain areas with L-DLPFC as the seed point was negatively correlated with MoCA, while with R-DLPFC as the seed point it was positively correlated with IFN-γ. The FC values of abnormal areas of the brain showed no significant correlation with other clinical scales, inflammation indicators or lesion volume. Conclusion:Abnormal functional connections within the executive control network and between the salience networks may participate in the mechanism of PSD, and may be related to the time since stroke, cognitive functioning, and IFN-γ levels.

Evaluating the diagnostic value and prognosis prediction of heparin-binding protein combined with procalcitonin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in early sepsis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of heparin-binding protein (HBP) combined with procalcitonin (PCT) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in early sepsis.Methods:The clinical data of 116 patients with sepsis admitted to Zhejiang Xin′an International Hospital from August 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into mild sepsis group (40 cases), severe sepsis group (46 cases) and septic shock group (30 cases) according to the severity of illness. According to the clinical prognosis, they were divided into survival group (87 cases) and death group (29 cases). In the same period, 104 outpatients were selected as control group. The levels of HBP, PCT and hs-CRP were compared in each group and the guiding value of HBP, PCT and hs-CRP in the diagnosis of early sepsis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The levels of HBP, PCT and hs-CRP in sepsis group were higher than those in control group: (83.45 ± 11.29) μg/L vs. (4.81 ± 0.62) μg/L, (8.19 ± 1.14) μg/L vs. (0.24 ± 0.03) μg/L, (87.94 ± 13.58) mg/L vs. (1.34 ± 0.15) mg/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of HBP, PCT and hs-CRP were gradually increased with the aggravation of disease, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of HBP, PCT and hs-CRP in survival group were lower than those in death group: (67.94 ± 8.91) μg/L vs. (129.98 ± 18.43) μg/L, (6.46 ± 0.93) μg/L vs. (13.38 ± 1.77) μg/L, (65.19 ± 10.62) mg/L vs. (129.19 ± 22.46) mg/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of HBP, PCT, hs-CRP and HBP + PCT + hs-CRP were 0.828, 0.835, 0.787 and 0.940, the sensitivity was 72.4%, 69.0%, 79.3% and 86.2%, and the specificity was 85.1%, 88.5%, 74.7% and 90.8%. Conclusions:HBP, PCT and hs-CRP joint detection have certain guiding value in the diagnosis of early sepsis, and can reflect the disease severity and prognosis.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis of α/β Complex Thalassemia by Next Generation Sequencing / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the application value of next generation sequencing (NGS) in preimplantation genetic diagnosis of α/β complex thalassemia couple.@*METHODS@#The coding regions of α-globin genes (HBA1, HBA2) and β-globin gene (HBB) were selected as the target regions. The high-density and closely linked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were selected as the genetic linkage markers in the upstream and downstream 2M regions of the gene. After NGS, the effective SNP sites were selected to construct the haplotype of the couple, and the risk chromosome of the mutation carried by the couple was determined. The NGS technology was used to sequence the variations of HBA1, HBA2 and HBB directly and construct haplotype linkage analysis for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.@*RESULTS@#Direct sequencing and haplotype linkage analysis of HBA1, HBA2 and HBB showed that two of the six blastocysts were α/β complex thalassemia, one was β-thalassemia heterozygote, two were α-thalassemias heterozygotes, and one was intermediate α-thalassemia. A well-developed embryo underwent preimplantation genetic diagnosis was implanted into the mother's uterus, and a healthy infant was born at term.@*CONCLUSION@#Preimplantation genetic diagnosis can be carried out by NGS technology in α/β complex thalassemia couples, and abortion caused by aneuploid embryo selection can be avoided.

Epidemiological characteristics and spatial epidemiology of hand-foot-mouth disease in Hunan Province, China, from 2008 to 2019 / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the epidemic situation of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Hunan Province, China, from 2008 to 2019, as well as its spatial autocorrelation characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of HFMD in Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#Spatial autocorrelation and spatial-temporal clustering analyses were used to analyze the monitoring data of HFMD in Hunan Province from 2008 to 2019.@*RESULTS@#The epidemic situation of HFMD in Hunan Province from 2008 to 2019 showed obvious seasonal distribution, with a low incidence rate in January to March and a high incidence rate in April to July. As for population distribution, children aged 0-5 years had the highest number of HFMD cases and accounted for 95.89% (1 460 391/1 522 910) of all cases, with a mean annual incidence rate of 2 197.784/100 000, and scattered children had the highest number of cases and accounted for 82.59% (1 257 739/1 522 910) of all cases. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the onset of HFMD in Hunan Province showed a significant clustering distribution, and the local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high clustering areas of HFMD were mainly the districts and counties of Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Yueyang cities. Time-space scanning showed that clustering time was mainly April to July; the cases were clustered in the northeast of Hunan Province from 2008 to 2010 and in the central part of Hunan Province from 2011 to 2019.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The high incidence rate of HFMD is observed in April to July in Hunan Province. Children under 5 years of age are at a high risk of this disease. Spatial-temporal clustering is observed for the epidemic of HFMD, mainly clustered in the northeastern and central areas of Hunan Province. It is suggested that the results may be used as guidance to determine the key areas for HFMD prevention and control in Hunan Province and optimize the allocation of health resources.

Exploring an effective way to improve the academic connotation of TCM courses from the practice of fighting against COVID-19 / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Due to the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, we reflect on the optimization of teaching content and the guidance to deep learning, from the perspective of TCM teaching research. We believe that it's necessary to pay attention to the overall integration of TCM theories, academic researching, and clinical practicing when teaching. By excavating and sorting out the knowledge system of TCM, a clear conceptual pedigree of academic inheritance is constructed. In the teaching of traditional Chinese pharmacy, we should integrate the reconsideration and multi-dimensional research on the theory of medicinal properties, and make preparations for the development of Chinese medicine in a new direction through the cross-integration of various disciplines.

Exploration of nonclinical pharmacodynamics evaluation system of Alzheimer's disease / 药学学报

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia among elderly people. The pathogenesis of AD is still unclear, and currently approved drugs only provide symptomatic benefits and do not prevent or delay progressive neurodegeneration. Meanwhile, potential drugs in development are facing great challenges in clinical translation. Therefore, finding effective treatment for the unmet clinical needs of AD is of great economic value and social significance. In this review, we will summarize the current models and pharmacodynamics evaluation methods of anti-AD drug based on the recent studies at home and abroad, and provide reference for drug development in AD at nonclinical stage.

Subnational inequalities of early marriage and fertility among Chinese females from 1990 to 2010 / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the inequality of early marriage and adolescent fertility with respect to local economic development among Chinese females aged 15-19 years from 1990 to 2010.@*METHODS@#Aggregated data were extracted from the Chinese National Census from 1990 to 2010. We calculated the ever-married rate and fertility rate of female adolescents aged 15-19 years. Using gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as an indicator for socio-economic status of a province, we calculated the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (CI) to analyze the subnational inequalities of early marriage and adolescent fertility. Weighted linear regression models were also established to assess the associations between GDP per capita and the ever-married rate/fertility rate.@*RESULTS@#The ever-married rate for Chinese female adolescents aged 15-19 years decreased from 4.7% in 1990 to 1.2% in 2000, and rebounded to 2.1% in 2010. From 1990 to 2000, the fertility rate decreased from 22.0 per 1 000 to 6.0 per 1 000, and further decreased to 5.9 per 1 000 in 2010. In 1990, the socio-economic inequalities of the ever-married rate and fertility rate for female adolescents aged 15-19 years were not statistically significant (P for SII or CI>0.05). The values of SII revealed that, in 2000 and 2010, female adolescents with the lowest GDP per capita had an ever-married rate 2.4% (95%CI: 0.4-4.4) and 2.3% (95%CI: 0.3-4.2) higher than those with the highest GDP per capita, respectively. In the meantime, in 2000 and 2010, female adolescents with the lowest GDP per capita had a fertility rate 12.9 per 1 000 (95%CI: 5.4-20.5) and 9.3 per 1 000 (95%CI: 4.6-14.0) higher than those with the highest, respectively. In 2000 and 2010, the CIs for marriage were -0.32 (P=0.02) and -0.17 (P=0.03), respectively, and the CIs for childbirth were -0.37 (P<0.01) and -0.26 (P<0.01), respectively. In 2000, the ever-married rate and the fertility rate were estimated to increase by 1.4% (95%CI: 0.1-2.7) and 7.9 per 1 000 (95%CI: 2.9-12.8) with 100% increase in GDP per capita, respectively; in 2010, the numbers were 1.5% (95%CI: 0.1-2.9) and 6.7 per 1 000 (95%CI: 3.2-10.1), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Subnational socio-economic inequality of early marriage and adolescent fertility existed in 2000 and 2010. Female adolescents residing in less-developed areas were more likely to engage in early marriage and childbirth. Reducing income inequality and increasing education investment for poverty-stricken areas seem to be effective measures to reduce this inequality.

Trends of prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years from 1985 to 2014 / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the trends of prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years from 1985 to 2014.@*METHODS@#In the study, 738 523 students aged 13 to 18 years were extracted from the 1985 to 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. Height, weight, vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness were measured for each student. According to National Standards for Students' Physical Health (2014 Revision), students meeting an overall score ≥ 90.0 were considered to be of excellent health status and physical fitness. We used the Chi-square test to compare the differences in prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among different subgroups and draw maps of regional distribution of prevalence by using ArcGIS.@*RESULTS@#From 1985 to 2014, the average height, weight, and BMI for Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years increased consistently, while the average vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness fluctuated largely. The overall prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness increased from 2.7% in 1985 to 4.4% in 1995, dropped consistently to 1.1% in 2005, rebounded 0.6 percentage points in 2010, and increased to 2.2% in 2014. In each survey year, the prevalence for the boys was always higher than for the girls (P<0.001), the prevalence for middle school students aged 13 to 15 years was always higher than for high school students aged 16-18 years (P<0.001), and the prevalence for students in eastern region was higher than in western and central regions (P<0.001). In 1985 and 1995, the prevalence in certain provinces in eastern and central regions was <1%. In 2005, almost half provinces (14/30) had a prevalence <1%. In 2014, provinces in eastern coastal areas had relatively high prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness in students aged 13 to 18 years, while provinces in central and western regions had relatively low prevalence.@*CONCLUSION@#A fluctuating trend of the prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness has been observed among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years during the past three decades. There is great difference between the current prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness and the goal of Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan, thus, the effective interventions and strategies for promoting students' physical activity and physical fitness are urgently needed in China.

Application of Raman spectroscopy in selecting potential cleavage embyos / 预防医学

Objective To develop a method with Raman spectroscopy for selecting embryos with high developing potential. Methods A total of 100 samples of D3 spent cultural medium for embryos assigned to blastocyst culture were collected, and the Raman spectroscopy produced with optimal integration time. The original spectrums retrieved were processed by filtration, baseline correction and normalization methods to form characteristic spectral for the spent medium of cleavage embryo, suitable for analysis. A further 173 samples were collected to analyze the clinical relevance of Raman spectroscopy in selecting the potential embryos. Results Original Raman spectra with good resolution can be obtained with an integral time over 240 seconds. The characteristic spectral shift of embryo culture medium was 942, 1346, 1456 and 1656 cm-1 after processing. The spectral shift between the positive curve and the negative model was 1100-1800 cm-1. There was no significant difference in the intensity of real Raman spectral with different shifts (P>0.05) . A total of 80 positive curves, 70 negative curves, 23 neutral curves were obtained from the 173 D3 samples, and the blastocyst formation rates were 85.00％, 22.86％ and 65.22％, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001) . The sensitivity, specificity and Kappa value for the Raman spectrum curve predicting the blastocyst formation were 83.8％, 73.0％ and 0.572, respectively. Conclusion A clear, real and comparable Raman spectrum model could be obtained by improving the spectral collection conditions and preprocessing the original Raman spectrum. The potential embryo screened by this method is moderately consistent with that of blastocyst.

HPV vaccination intention for female college students: review of current situation and influencing factors / 上海预防医学

The HPV vaccination intention in Chinese female college students and the application of health behavior related theory are reviewed in this article. Based on the health ecological model, influencing factors of college students' HPV vaccination intention were analyzed, proposing application prospect of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model in HPV vaccine behavioral science. Thus is to be explored the behavioral intervention model of Chinese female college students' HPV vaccination.

Analysis on the Catastrophic Expenditure on Health and Its Influence Factors of Worker Households in Heilongjiang National Forest Areas / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To analyze the situation and influence factors of catastrophic health expenditure in national forest areas of Heilongjiang in 2015,and propose some measures to reduce the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure.Methods:The calculating method for international catastrophic health expenditure was used to estimate the catastrophic health expenditure rate,average gap and relative gap calculation method were estimated based on logistic regression analysis method.Results:In the standard definition of 15％,25％,30％ and 40％,the catastrophic health expenditure rates of Heilongjiang national forest areas in 2015 were 27.29％,14.79％,11.80％ and 8.27％;the average gap were 5.29％,3.25％,2.59％ and 1.61％;the relative gap were 19.38％,21.97％,21.95％and 19.47％.Family economic income and household cultural degree were the protective factors for catastrophic health expenditure.Low-insurance family,family with the elderly above 65 years old and family member hospitalization were risk factors for catastrophic health expenditure.Conclusion:The government should pay more attention to the poor,increase the family income in multi-channel;focus on prevention and timely medical treatment so as to reduce the risk of serious illness;increase investment in education,improve the education level of residents;pay attention to the elderly population and improve the medical security system.

Evaluation of anti-tuberculosis effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis polyphosphate kinase 2 aptamer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the bacteriostasis effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) polyphosphate kinase 2 (PPK2) aptamer on MTB in vitro.Methods·The bioinformatics method was used to analyze the homology of MTB PPK2 and common pathogens of respiratory tract,and the PPK2 phylogenetic tree was constructed.The binding affinity of the PPK2 aptamer to H37Rv,BCG,Mycobacterium smegmatis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii was analyzed by enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA).The PPK2 aptamer was incubated for 24 h in serum and its biological stability in serum was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the PPK2 aptamer to H37Rv was determined by micro-azure method.H37Rv was inoculated with 1 μmol/L PPK2 aptamer or random sequence on Roche culture medium for 10 d and colony growth status was observed.H37Rv was co-cultured with different concentrations of PPK2 aptamer for 10 d,absorbance at 600 nm was measured by microplate reader.The effect of PPK2 aptamer on the growth of H37Rv was observed.Results·PPK2 phylogenetic tree constructed by bioinformatics analysis showed that PPK2 protein of H37Rv was not closely related to the common pathogens of respiratory tract,and it was relatively close to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The ELONA assay results showed that the PPK2 aptamer binded selectively to H37Rv.Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis showed PPK2 aptamer in serum was at least stable for 8 h.The MIC of the PPK2 aptamer to H37Rv was 50 nmol/L.The colony growth of Roche culture showed that PPK2 aptamer had an inhibitory effect on H37Rv growth.Growth inhibition test showed that the absorbance at 600 nm of H37Rv showed a decreasing trend with the increase of PPK2 aptamer concentration,which indicated that PPK2 aptamer had an inhibitory effect on H37Rv growth.Conclusion·PPK2 aptamer has good antibacterial activity against H37Rv in vitro.

Application of PDCA cycle in the hospital management of multidrug-resistant organisms / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To analyze the change in isolation rates of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) before and after adopting plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle method for management of MDROs. Methods Bacterial culture specimen submission and isolation of MDROs in a tertiary first-class hospital before the implementation of PDCA cycle (January 2013-December 2014) and after implementation of PDCA cycle (January 2015-December 2016) were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 14 889 specimens were sent for detection before the implementation of PDCA cycle, 6 345 strains were isolated, 650 of which were MDROs, isolation rate of MDROs was 10. 24％; after the implementation of PDCA cycle, 17 856 specimens were sent for detection, 7 568 strains were isolated, 476 were MDROs, isolation rate of MDROs was 6.29％; difference in MDRO detection rate before and after the implementation of PDCA was statistically significant (X2=72.567, P＜0.001). After Cochran-Armitage trend test, the isolation rates of MDROs in 2013-2016 showed a decreased trend (Z= - 7.8856). The amount and cost of hand hygiene products have increased. Conclusion By carrying out PDCA cycle for MDROs management, the isolation rate of MDROs in hospital is reduced. PDCA cycle management method can effectively promote the continuous quality improvement of hospital MDROs management.

Comparative study of proliferative inhibition and apoptosis promoting activity on HepG-2 and A549 by oxymatrine / 药物评价研究

Objective To study the proliferative inhibition and apoptosis promoting activity of oxymatrine on human lung cancer cells (A549) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2) in vitro,and make a comparison.Methods Effect of oxymatrine on the proliferation activity of two kinds of tumor cells were compared by MTT method and growth curve method.HE staining,Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to compare morphological changes.Results MTr results showed that,compared with control group,the survival rate of oxymatrine 200,400,and 800 μg/mL concentration group in A549 and HepG-2 cells decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05,0.01),half inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 1055.45 and 774.11 g/mL respectively;The growth curve showed that,compared with control group,the number of cells in oxymatrine group of HepG-2 cells cultured for fourth and fifth day and A549 cells cultured for fifth day decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05,0.01).Oxymatrine affected morphological changes of HepG-2 cells more significantly than A549 cells.The number of cells in the oxymatrine group was significantly reduced;And the cell villi was decreased,the nucleus was small and round,and the cell apoptosis morphological characteristics were obvious.Conclusion Oxymatrine can inhibit the proliferation cells and promote the apoptosis of tumor cells.It affected HepG-2 cells more obviously,which suggests that it may have different sensitivity to different tumor cells.

Establishment of a fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for murine polyomavirus detection and its use in the detection in naked mole rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To establish a fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for polyomavirus and to apply this technique in the investigation of its infection rate in naked mole rats. Methods To compare the nucleic acid sequence of murine polyomavirus (Genbank:NC 001515) in NCBI and design primers and probes in its conserved region. To establish a fluorescence quantitavive PCR method for polyomavirus and evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the method. To infect nine one-day old KM strain suckling mice, and to collect samples of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, thymus, cecal contents and blood at 21 days after infection. The efficacy of the method was validated by detecting the virus in organs. 62 cecal samples from naked mole rats were tested by the established assay. Results There was obvious fluorescence signal when polyomavirus was used as the template and no fluorescence signal when simian virus 40, murine K virus, MVM and H-1 were used as templates. The detection limit of the assay was 100 copies/μL. Polyomavirus DNA was detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and cecal contents of the mice which were inoculated with polyomavirus. The polyomavirus DNA content was highest in the lung tissue. There was no detectable polyomavirus DNA in the brain, thymus and blood of the infected mice. Sixty-two cecal contents of naked mole rats were tested for polyomavirus and the results were negative. Conclusions The fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for polyomavirus established in this study can effectively detect polyomavirus DNA in animal tissues. The results of investigation of the natural infected polyomavirus of naked mole rats provide a reference for the formulation of microbiological criteria for experimental naked mole rats.

"The role of ""academic community"" in promoting the construction of high-level teachers of traditional Chinese medicine" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

TCM higher education has cultivated a large number of high-level TCM professionals in the past sixty years.Against the backdrop of social progress in China,a system of cultivating faculty of TCM higher education has been put in place that features an organic link-up between college,after graduation and continuing education.Academic community serves as a starting point in the system.This paper mainly illustrates our understanding of academic community,life-long education through connecting the three phases and its implementation.